Links are to list of relevant minimal pairs divided by level. If you like this and want more, please support TEFLtastic.
Voiced and unvoiced consonants
b and p (bore and pore)
v and f (van and fan)
d and t (doe and toe) – final d and t
dj and ch (jaw and chore)
g and k (gap and cap) – initial g and k and final g and k
s and z (sap and zap) – final s and z
Other consonants
b and v (ban and van)
f and p (far and par) – initial f and p
l and r (lap and wrap)
fu and hu (fun and hun) – select from full f and h list
z and dj (Jew and zoo)
s and th (sin and thin)
z and th (Zen and then)
shee and see (she and see)/ shi and si (shit ans sit) – select from full s and sh list
Short and long vowel sounds
i and ee (chip and cheap)
o and O (hop and hope)
a and ah/ar (cam and calm)
Other vowel sounds
a and e (can and ken)
a and u (cap and cup)
O and or (boat and bought)
ar and ur (heart and hurt)
Final consonant and consonant plus vowel
final ch and chi (church and churchy)
final dj and dji (fudge and fudgy)
final z and zi (noise and noisy)
final t and tu
final d and du
More on Korean learners
Typical issues for Korean learners of English
Dictionary of “Korean English” – LINK UPDATED
Worksheets for Korean learners of English
Same for other learners
Minimal pairs for Japanese learners of English
Minimal pairs for Spanish speakers
More on minimal pairs
My minimal pairs page with teaching tips and photocopiable
How to use minimal pairs in class
Updated 20 October 2026
