Academic vocabulary expressing purpose, cause and effect

Work in groups of three or four. Take turns choosing one of the things below and asking the other people in your group for explanations (pretending to be a politician etc when that makes more sense). The best reason wins. Each person should use a different one of these expressions to give their reasons with:

  • so that + subject + verb
  • in order that + subject + verb
  • (in order) to + infinitive
  • for + noun

Things to give reasons for

  • You set back the election until 2015.
  • You decided to make a gradual transition from teaching English to teaching Chinese.
  • You changed the football pitch to artificial grass (made from synthetic materials).
  • You introduced compulsory military service for all men and women.
  • You sent all the American diplomats out of the country.
  • You wired up your house to your neighbour’s internet connection.
  • You sat on a child’s chair until the legs buckled.
  • You suspended free bus passes for the elderly.
  • You asked a subordinate to clean your car.

Do the same but this time trying to think of good consequences of the things below happening, using different phrases from here:

  • … made… happen
  • …Consequently…
  • … lead to…
  • Since…, …
  • Owing to…, ….
  • …. resulted in…
  • … triggered…
  • …, triggering…
  • Because of…, …
  • … caused…
  • … allowed…

Things to explain positive consequences of

  • You submitted your tax returns three weeks late
  • You equated education with thought control in a speech to school kids.
  • You exceeded the speed limit.
  • Your policies excluded all disabled children from state schools.
  • You exploited illegal immigrants by paying under the national legal minimum wage.
  • You extracted the wrong tooth from a patient.
  • You extracted so much oil from an oilfield that the ground above began to sink.
  • You caused the price of staple foods to wildly fluctuate.
  • You let a friend copy your preview DVD of a forthcoming film
  • You made jokes about your tutor’s hypothesis that he later found out about.
  • You copied most of your thesis from Wikipedia

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Related pages

Purpose, cause and effect page

Academic English page

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